"IW/IO is a hostile non-kinetic activity, or at least an activity that is conducted between two parties whose interests are not well-aligned. W/IO has connotations of soft power (more properly, a mix of soft power and sharp power2): propaganda, persuasion, culture, social forces, confusion, deception. The patron saint of IW/IO is Sun Tzu, who wrote that, “The supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without fighting.”